Tax on Stock and ETF Sales in Ukraine 2025: 18% PIT, FIFO, Declaration
Sold Apple, Tesla or any ETF through Interactive Brokers? In Ukraine, you must pay 18% personal income tax and 5% military levy on the profit. Here's how profit is calculated, what FIFO means, and how to file your declaration correctly.
Tax rates: 18% PIT + 5% military levy = 23%
Income from selling foreign stocks, bonds, and ETFs is classified as investment profit under Article 170.2 of the Ukrainian Tax Code, taxed at:
- 18% personal income tax (PIT) — the standard rate for investment profit;
- 5% military levy.
Combined: 23% of net profit in hryvnias. If you sold at a loss or broke even — no tax is due.
How investment profit is calculated
Investment profit = proceeds from sale minus acquisition costs, both converted to UAH at the official NBU exchange rate on the respective dates:
Profit = (Proceeds × NBU rate on sale date)
− (Acquisition cost × NBU rate on purchase date)
Exchange rate movements matter: even if you broke even in USD, UAH depreciation between purchase and sale may create a taxable profit in hryvnias.
FIFO method: how cost basis is calculated for multiple purchases
When you purchased shares in multiple batches, the FIFO (First In — First Out) method is used: the earliest purchased lots are treated as sold first.
Illustrative example — you bought Nvidia in three batches:
- 5 shares at $400 (Feb 2025, NBU 38.00 → cost UAH 76,000)
- 3 shares at $500 (Jun 2025, NBU 39.50 → cost UAH 59,250)
- 4 shares at $480 (Oct 2025, NBU 41.00 → cost UAH 78,720)
You sell 6 shares in December 2025 at $550 (NBU 41.50 → proceeds UAH 136,950). FIFO says: first 5 purchased (UAH 76,000) + 1 from the second batch (UAH 59,250 ÷ 3 = UAH 19,750) = cost basis UAH 95,750.
Profit = 136,950 − 95,750 = UAH 41,200. Tax (23%): UAH 9,476.
Losses: no carryforward in Ukraine
If your overall result from stock sales for the year is negative (a loss) — no PIT or military levy is due. However, unlike many countries, investment losses cannot be carried forward to future years in Ukraine. Each year is calculated independently.
If you closed 2024 with a loss of −$5,000 and 2025 with a profit of +$3,000, you still owe tax on the $3,000 profit in 2025.
Filing deadlines
Annual income declaration: by May 1 of the year following the reporting year. Tax payment: by August 1.
What you need for the calculation
To calculate investment profit yourself, you need:
- A list of all trades for the year: date, ticker, quantity, buy/sell price, currency;
- Official NBU exchange rates for each transaction date;
- Correct FIFO application to determine cost basis.
For an investor with dozens of trades a year, this is several hours of manual work in Excel.
Automate your stock tax calculation
Investor Tax downloads your trades from IB Flex Query, applies FIFO, fetches NBU rates for each transaction, and calculates PIT and military levy — giving you a detailed table per trade and quarterly breakdown. The Pro plan generates the XML declaration file for direct import to the DPS portal.
Frequently asked questions
What is the tax rate on selling stocks and ETFs in Ukraine?
18% personal income tax plus 5% military levy — 23% in total, applied to the net investment profit in hryvnia. If you sold at a loss or broke even, no tax is due.
What is FIFO and when does it apply?
FIFO (First In — First Out) is the cost-basis method used when you bought the same asset in several batches: the first shares bought are considered the first sold. Each batch's cost is converted to hryvnia at the NBU rate on its purchase date.
Can investment losses be carried forward to the next year?
No. In Ukraine each year is assessed separately: if you closed last year at a loss and this year at a profit, you pay tax on the full current-year profit with no credit for last year's loss.
Do I owe tax if I broke even in dollars?
Possibly yes. Profit is calculated in hryvnia: sale proceeds at the NBU rate on the sale date minus costs at the rate on the purchase date. If the hryvnia depreciated in between, a taxable profit arises in hryvnia even with a zero result in dollars.